General Science Solutions Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Health And Diseases are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for Health And Diseases are extremely popular among class 8 students for Science Health And Diseases Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the General Science Solutions Book of class 8 Science Chapter 2 are provided here for you for free. You will also love the ad-free experience on https://phdsciencegyan.com General Science Solutions Solutions. All General Science Solutions Solutions for class 8 Science are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.
Q.1. Fill in the blank and rewrite the completed statements 15
1. 29th September is celebrated as World day.
Ans 29th September is celebrated as World Heart day.
2. Vaccination is important to prevent the diseases.
Ans Vaccination is important to prevent the infectious diseases.
3 AIDS is caused by ……………
Ans AIDS is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
4. test is used for proper diagnosis of AIDS.
Ans ELISA test is used for proper diagnosis of AIDS.
5. Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth is called as ……………
Ans Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth is called as Cancer.
6. Group or lump of cancerous cells is called as tumor.
Ans Group or lump of cancerous cells is called as malignant tumor.
7. Infection for swine flu occurs through …………… and ……………
Ans Infection for swine flu occurs through pigs and humans.
8. First case of swine flu was reported in n 2009.
Ans First case of swine flu was reported in Mexico in 2009.
9. occurs due to the bite of the infected dog, rabbit, monkey, etc.
Ans Rabies occurs due to the bite of the infected dog, rabbit, monkey, etc.
10. Hydrophobia is one of the symptoms of ……………
Ans Hydrophobia is one of the symptoms of Rabies.
11. Chemotherapy is used in the treatment of …………….
Ans Chemotherapy is used in the treatment of cancer.
12. Condition of disturbances in physiological or psychological processes of body is called as ……………
Ans Condition of disturbances in physiological or psychological processes of body is called as disease.
13. Virus Influenza A(H1N1) causes ……………
Ans Virus Influenza A(H1N1) causes Swine flu.
14. medicines are also known as general medicines.
Ans Generic medicines are also known as general medicines.
15. Frequent urination at night is the symptom of …………….
Ans Frequent urination at night is the symptom of Diabetes.
Q. 2. Find the odd one out 7
1. Alcoholism, Smoking, Hypertension, Chest pain
Ans Chest pain is the odd one out because it can be the symptom for heart attack while others are reasons for heart attack.
2. Angioplasty, Chemotherapy, By-pass surgery, Installation of pace maker
Ans Chemotherapy is the odd one out because it is the treatment for cancer while others are treatment for heart disease.
3. Typhoid, Cholera, Dysentery, Tuberculosis
Ans Tuberculosis is the odd one out because rest all are diseases caused due to contamination of food and water.
4.Unexplained weight loss, Lumps in breast, Hydrophobia, Chronic cough
Ans Hydrophobia is the odd one out because rests all are the symptoms of cancer while hydrophobia is the symptom for rabies.
5. Common cold, Flu, Diabetes, Dengue
Ans Diabetes is the odd one out because it is non-infectious disease while others are infectious diseases.
6. Plague, AIDS, Cholera, T.B.
Ans AIDS is the odd one out because it is caused by virus while the rest are caused by bacterium.
7. Malaria, Hepatitis, Elephantiasis, Dengue
Ans Hepatitis is the odd one out because rest all diseases are caused by mosquitoes.
Q. 3. Find co-related terms 10
1 Hydrophobia : Rabies :: Frequent urination at night: ……………
Ans Hydrophobia : Rabies :: Frequent urination at night : Diabetes
2. …………… : Down’s syndrome:: Acquired disease : Diabetes
Ans Hereditary disease : Down’s syndrome:: Acquired disease : Diabetes
3. ELISA : AIDS :: Biopsy : ……………
Ans ELISA : AIDS :: Biopsy : Cancer
4. Female Culex : Elephantiasis :: Influenza A (H1N1) : ……………
Ans Female Culex : Elephantiasis :: Influenza A (H1N1) : Swine flu
5. Dengue : Aedes aegypti :: Malaria : ……………
Ans Dengue : Aedes aegypti :: Malaria : Female Anopheles
6. 14th June : :: 14th November : World Diabetes Day
Ans 14th June : World Blood Donation Day :: 14th November : World Diabetes Day
7. Unexplained weight loss : Cancer :: Pain in shoulder, arms and neck : ……………
Ans Unexplained weight loss : Cancer :: Pain in shoulder, arms and neck : Heart attack
8. Tuberculosis : Mycobacterium tuberculae :: Salmonella typhi
Ans Tuberculosis : Mycobacterium tuberculae :: Typhoid : Salmonella typhi
9. Cholera : Severe Diarrhea :: Anorexia
Ans Cholera : Severe Diarrhea :: Hepatitis (Jaundice), Typhoid : Anorexia
10. 7th April : World Health Day :: 29th September: ……………
Ans 7th April : World Health Day :: 29th September : World Heart Day
Q. 4. Extra data 2
1. Infectious disease and Non-Infectious disease
Ans:
| Infectious Disease | Non-Infectious Disease |
| Diseases that spread through contaminated air, water, food or vectors are called as infectious diseases. | Diseases which do not occur through infections and body contacts are called as non-infectious diseases. |
2. Health and Lifestyle
Ans :
| Health | Lifestyle |
| Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well- beingness and not merely the absence of any disease. | Lifestyle includes all the daily routine and the type of food consumed. |
Q.5. State True or False 20
1. Frequent urination at night is one of the symptoms for cancer.
Ans False – Frequent urination at night is one of the symptoms for diabetes.
2. Cancer patients are treated with radiation therapy.
Ans: True
3. Hydrophobia is fear of water.
Ans True
4. Generic drugs are manufactured and distributed without any patent.
Ans: True
5. Pain in eye socket is very prominent symptom of Malaria.
Ans False – Pain in eye socket is very prominent symptom of Dengue.
6. Efficiency of the heart decreases due to decreased blood supply.
Ans True – Efficiency of the heart decreases due to decreased blood supply.
7. Pranayam and yogasanas should be performed to lower the frequency of becoming sick.
Ans: True
8. Typhoid is water borne disease.
Ans True
9.One unit of blood donated by a person can fulfill the need of three persons at a time.
Ans True
10 Common cold is a non-infectious disease.
Ans False – Common cold is an infectious disease.
11. Viruses of swine flu are spread through sweat of infected person.
Ans True
12. AIDS can occur due to touching and sharing the food with HIV infected person.
Ans False – AIDS cannot occur due to touching and sharing the food with HIV infected person.
13. First case of swine flu was reported in Mexico in 2009.
Ans True
14. Overdose of medicines does not have any side effect on our body.
Ans False – Overdose of medicines have side effect on our body.
15. Eating contaminated food can cause Cholera.
Ans True
16. Different species of mosquitoes spread different diseases.
Ans True
17. 29th September is celebrated as World Health Day.
Ans False – 29th September is celebrated as World Heart Day.
18. BCG vaccine is a preventive measure against Typhoid.
Ans False – BCG vaccine is a preventive measure against Tuberculosis.
19. Vaccination is important to prevent the infectious diseases.
Ans True
Name the following 19
20. Disease caused due to low level of insulin secretion in the body.
Ans Diabetes
21. Any two non-infectious diseases.
Ans Cancer, Diabetes, Heart disease
22. Make a list of Hereditary diseases
Ans Down’s syndrome, Thalassemia, Diabetes, Heart Diseases, etc.
23. A fatal disease caused due to bite of infected monkey, cats, etc.
Ans Rabies
24. Another term for general medicines.
Ans Generic medicines
25. Any two diseases caused by contamination of food and water.
Ans Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery
26. Any two treatment carried out for heart diseases.
Ans Angioplasty, By-pass surgery, Open heart surgery, Heart transplant
27. Make a list of Viral diseases.
Ans Hepatitis (Jaundice), AIDS, Rabies, Chickenpox, Polio, etc.
28. Test used for diagnosis of AIDS.
Ans ELISA
29. Disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
Ans Dysentery
30. Disease that is caused due to consumption of tobacco, gutkha.
Ans Cancer
31. Virus that causes swine flu.
Ans Influenza A (H1N1)
32. Make a list of Bacterial diseases.
Ans Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Cholera, etc.
33. Make a list of Diseases spread through insects.
Ans Malaria, Dengue, Elephantiasis, etc.
34. Any two reasons for heat attack.
Ans Smoking, Alcoholism, Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity, Mental stress, anger, anxiety
35. Any two preventive measures for diabetes.
Ans Following proper diet, medicines and exercise under the supervision of doctor.
36. Disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculae.
Ans Tuerculosis
37. Full form of HIV.
Ans Human Immunodeficiency Virus
38. Pathogen that causes typhoid.
Ans Salmonella typhoid
39. Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth is called as cancer.
Ans: True
Q.6. Multiple Choice Questions (Activity) 4
1…………is an infectious disease.
a. Diabetes
b. Tuberculosis
c. Cancer
d. Allergy
Ans Option b.
2. ………is a non-infectious disease.
a.Diabetes
b. Typhoid
c. Cholera
d. Measles
Ans Option a.
4. Female is found in dirty sewage water.
a. Aedes aegypti
b. Culex
c. Anopheles
d. Influenza A
Ans Option b.
5. Dengue is spread by ……………..
a. DEN-1
b. Aedes aegypti
c. Culex
d. Anopheles
Ans Option b.
Q.7. Answer in one sentence 15
1. Give the names of five non-infectious diseases other than given in the lesson.
Ans Asthma, Scurvy, Alzheimer’s, Allergy, kidney diseases, Osteoporosis are some of non-infectious diseases.
2. Define disease
Ans Conditions of disturbances in physiological or psychological processes of body is called as disease.
3. What do you mean by infectious diseases?
Ans Diseases that spread through contaminated air, water, food or vectors (insects and other animals) are called as infectious diseases.
4. What can be achieved/ Can be prevented? Drinking boiled and filtered water
Ans By drinking boiled and filtered water one can prevent themselves from getting contaminated from water borne diseases like Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, etc.
5. Define health.
Ans Health is defined as a state of complete, physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of any disease.
6. What can be achieved/ Can be prevented? Avoid smoking and alcoholism
Ans By avoiding smoking and alcoholism, one can prevent the occurrence of dangerous diseases like cancer, heart and lungs related diseases.
7. Which are the various media of spreading the infectious diseases?
Ans i. Infectious diseases spread through air, water, soil, food, animals, insects, etc.
ii. Infectious diseases also spread through direct contact with the infected person and sometimes by sharing of needles and through blood transfusion.
8. Which are the main reasons of diabetes and heart diseases?
Ans i. The main reasons for diabetes are- heredity, obesity, lack of physical exercise, mental stress.
ii The main reasons for heart diseases are –Smoking, alcoholism, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, lack of physical exercise, heredity, mental stress, anger and anxiety.
10 .What can be achieved/ Can be prevented? Regular balanced diet and exercise
Ans Regular balanced diet and exercise will keep the individual healthy and help to cure diseases like cancer, diabetes, etc. Also prevent other lifestyle diseases like obesity, etc.
11. Define infectious disease.
Ans Diseases spread through contaminated air, water, food or vectors (insects and other animals) are called as infectious diseases. For example: Tuberculosis, Flu, etc.
12. Define cancer.
Ans Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth is called cancer.
13. What happens when a person suffers from AIDS?
Ans In AIDS, victim suffers from various diseases due to progressive weakening of natural immunity.
14. Define non-infectious disease.
Ans Diseases which does not occur through infections and body contacts are called as non-infectious disease.
For example: Diabetes, Cancer, etc.
15. What do you mean by pathogen?
Ans Pathogens are micro-organisms like bacterium, virus, fungi, etc. that causes diseases in humans, animals or plant.
16. What can be achieved/ Can be prevented?
Proper checking of blood before blood donation.
Ans Proper checking of blood before blood donation will prevent the spread of diseases through blood like AIDS.
Q.8. Match the pair 5
1
| Column – A | Column – B |
| i. Heart Disease | a. Insulin |
| ii. Diabetes | b. Chemotherapy |
| c. Angioplasty |
Ans
| i. Heart Disease | Angioplasty |
| ii. Diabetes | Insulin |
2
| Column – A | Column – B |
| i. Tuberculosis | a. Entamoeba hystolytica |
| ii. Typhoid | b. Mycobacterium tuberculae |
| c. Salmonella typhi |
Ans
| i. Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculae |
| ii. Typhoid | Salmonella typhi |
3
| Column – A | Column – B |
| i. Malaria | a. Aedes aegypti |
| ii. Dengue | b. Culex |
| c. Anopheles |
Ans
| i. Malaria | Anopheles |
| ii. Dengue | Aedes aegypti |
4
| Column – A | Column – B |
| i. Malaria | a. Aedes aegypti |
| ii. Elephantiasis | b. Anopheles |
| c. Culex |
Ans
| i. Malaria | Anopheles |
| ii. Elephantiasis | Culex |
5
| Column – A | Column – B |
| i. Cancer | a. ELISA |
| ii. AIDS | b. Pace maker |
| c. Mammography |
Ans
| i. Cancer | Mammography |
| ii. AIDS | ELISA |
Q.9. Multiple Choice Questions (Experiment) 11
1. Biopsy is the treatment used for …………….
a. Heart diseases
b. Diabetes
c. AIDS
d. Cancer
Ans Biopsy is the treatment used for Cancer.
2. To lower the frequency of becoming sick, one should follow …………….
a. balanced diet b. Sufficient sleep c. physical exercise d. All of these.
Ans Option d.
3. Dengue is caused by a …………….
a. Fungus
d. Protozoan
c. Virus
d. Bacteria
Ans Option c.
4.Pain in shoulder and neck is the symptom for …………….
a. Heart diseases
b. Diabetes
c. AIDS
d. Cancer
Ans Option a.
5. Hydrophobia is the fear of ……………..
a.Food
b. Dogs
c. Water
d. None of these
Ans Option c.
6.Infectious disease can be prevented by …………….
a. Yoga
b. Balanced diet
c. Vaccination
d. Medicine
Ans Option c.
7. Incurable scar is the symptom of …………….
a.Tuberculosis
b. Cancer
c. Hepatitis
d. Swine flu
Ans Option b.
8. A mosquito is a vector for …………….
a. Typhoid
b. Cholera
c. Malaria
d. Jaundice
Ans Option c.
9. Infection of swine flu occurs through ……………. and ……………..
a. Dogs and humans
b. Dogs and Monkey
c. Pigs and Humans
d. Pigs and Cows
Ans Option c.
10. Symptoms of rabies start to appear within days of dog bite.
a. 30-45
b. 45-60
c. 60-90
d. 90-175
Ans Option d.
11……….is the treatment for heart disease.
a.Angioplasty
b. Installation of stents
c. By-pass surgery
d. All of these
Ans Option d.
Q.10. Write Short Notes 20
1 Heart Disease
Ans i. Efficiency of the heart decreases due to decreased blood supply and thereby oxygen and nutrient supply to the heart muscles also decreases.
ii. Due to this, heart has to perform more work that leads to stress on it and may cause heart attack.
iii. If someone has heart attack, immediate consultation of doctor and treatment is necessary.
iv. Symptoms of heart attack includes severe chest pains, pains in shoulder, neck and arms, cramps in hand, uneasiness, tremors.
v. Smoking, Alcoholism, diabetes hypertension, obesity, physical exercise, heredity, mental stress, anger, anxiety are the reasons for heart attack.
vii. Angioplasty, by-pass surgery, Open heart surgery, heart transplant are some of the few treatment carried if the person suffers a heart attack.
2.Depending upon which symptoms, rabies can be identified?
Ans i. Rabies is a fatal viral disease caused due to bite of infected dogs, monkeys, rabbits, cats, etc.
ii. Hydrophobia i.e. fear of water is one of the major symptoms of rabies.
iii. This symptoms starts to appear within 90-175 days of dog bite.
iv. Other symptoms of rabies are – exaggeration in behavior and fever for 2-12 weeks.
3. Does overdose of medicines affect our body?
Ans i. Sometimes, some people take medicines without prescription of doctor.
Overdose of medicines may affect our body.
For example: Overdose of pain killers may damage nervous system, excretory system, liver.
Overdose of antibiotics may lead to nausea, stomach ache, dysentery, rash, white patches on tongue, etc.
4. AIDS
Ans i. AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
In this disease, victims suffer from various diseases due to progressive weakening of natural immunity.
ELISA test is used for its proper diagnosis and symptoms of AIDS are person specific.
AIDS does not occur due to touching and sharing the food with HIV infected person or by nursing the HIV patient.
Our behavior with HIV infected person must be normal.
5. Physical exercise / Yogasanas
Ans i. Lifestyle of an individual plays a major role in maintaining a proper health.
Physical exercise or yogasanas can improve and boost health. It reduces the risk of developing several diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, etc.
Most importantly, regular activities can improve quality of life and help to manage stress and anxiety.
6. Diabetes
Ans i. The hormone-insulin produced in pancreas controls the level of sugar-glucose in blood.
If insulin is secreted in low quantity, glucose level cannot be controlled, this disorder is called as diabetes.
Frequent urination at night, increased obesity or weight loss are the symptoms of diabetes.
Reasons for this disease can be heredity, obesity, lack of physical exercise, mental stress.
Following a proper diet, medicines and exercise under the supervision of doctor help to keep the diabetes under control.
6. Swine flu
Ans i. Infection for swine flu occurs through pigs and humans.
Viruses of swine flu spread through sweat of infected person. Similarly, it is spread through secretions of nose, throat and saliva.
Swine flu is caused by the virus influenza A (H1N1).
Difficulty in breathing, sore throat and body pains are the symptoms of swine flu.
7. Blood Donation
Ans i. 14th June is celebrated as World Blood Donation Day.
One unit of blood donated by a person can fulfill the need of three persons at a time, for example- RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets.
One can save the life of twelve people by donating the blood for four times a year.
8. Balanced diet
Ans i. A diet which contains adequate amount of all nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals is called a balanced diet.
A balance diet also contains sufficient amount of water and roughage.
In order to make a balanced diet, we should include a number of different food items in our daily meals which taken together, provides us all nutrients in adequate amount.
Without good nutrition, our body is more prone to diseases, infection, fatigue , etc.
9. Rabies
Ans i. Rabies is a viral disease.
It occurs due to the bite of the infected dog, rabbit, monkey, cat, etc.
Virus enters the brain via neurons.
Hydrophobia is one of the important symptom of this disease. In this, the victim shows extreme fear for water.
Other symptoms include fever that last for 2-12 weeks and exaggeration in behavior.
Rabies is fatal disease.
However, fatality can be prevented by timely vaccination before onset of symptoms.
Symptoms start to appear within 90-175 days of dog bite.
Q. 11. Complete the given flow chart / table / diagram 4
1
Ans:
2.
2
Ans
Q.12. Distinguish between 2
1 Infectious and Non-Infectious Disease
Ans
| Infectious Disease | Non-Infectious Disease |
| Diseases that spread through contaminated air, water, food or vectors are called as infectious diseases. | Diseases which do not occur through infections and body contacts are called as non-infectious diseases. |
| Infectious disease is also called as communicable disease as it spreads from infected person to healthy person. | Non-infectious disease is also called as non- communicable disease as it does not spread from one person to another. |
| Infection is transmitted through direct contact or through a medium like air, water, etc. | Infection is not transmitted through direct contact or through a medium but is caused due to factors such as genetics, lifestyle, etc. |
| For example : Tuberculosis, Influenza, Common cold, etc. | For example : Tuberculosis, Influenza, Common cold, etc. |
Q.13. Give scientific reasons
1 We should control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies.
Ans i. We should control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies along with other insects because they are responsible for the spread of various communicable diseases.
ii. We can control spreading of diseases by using repellants, throwing garbage in covered bins, keeping the food covered, and avoiding stagnation of water and by keeping our surroundings clean and hygienic.
2.It is necessary to care about health of domestic dogs, cats and birds.
Ans i. Domestic animals like dogs, cats and birds get infected by various diseases.
ii.Diseases such as rabies, anthrax, etc. can get transmitted from animals to humans.
iii. If these diseases are not prevented and taken care of, it may get transmitted to humans.
iv. Domestic animals need to be vaccinated and taken care of by carrying out daily hygienic things like bathing the pets, brushing them, etc.
v. Hence, it is necessary to care about health of domestic dogs, cats and birds so that they don’t contract any diseases.
3. Children eating more of junk food tend to suffer from obesity and other lifestyle diseases.
Ans i. Junk foods like pizza, burger, oily foods, etc. are tasty to eat but have more of carbohydrates and fats.
ii. When children eat such food they become more and more fat as they do not do much of physical work. iii.This leads to obesity and other lifestyle diseases like juvenile diabetes.
iv.Hence it is important to eat a balanced diet and do regular exercise to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
4. Why the animal cages and their living places should not be near the kitchen?
Ans i. Pets including animals and birds carry bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi that can cause illness if transmitted to humans.
ii. Pets also can transmit diseases through their urines, Faeces, etc.
iii. Birds or animal cages should be cleaned properly to prevent spread of diseases.
iv. These animal cages or their living places should not be near kitchen areas to prevent spread of pathogens through the food or water that is stored in the kitchen.
4. What happens exactly when we become sick?
Ans i. We become sick when pathogens such as virus, bacteria, fungi, etc. enter our body through the food we eat, water that we drink, soil that we play in or through cuts in the body.
ii. Once these pathogens enter the body, they attack and cause damage to the cells in the body.
iii. As a result of this, signs and symptoms of the disease are seen in the body and we feel sick.
5. Public hygiene is equally important as personal hygiene.
Ans i. Personal hygiene is to keep oneself clean but maintaining public hygiene is equally important as dirty surrounding may lead to spread of various diseases.
ii. Unclean and unhygienic surroundings may lead to increase in population of mosquitoes, houseflies and other insects and rodents which are major vectors of many communicable diseases.
iii. Clean surrounding also provides good mental health.
iv. Hence, public hygiene is equally important as personal hygiene.
6. Sometimes, we feel good even without taking any medicines and sometimes we need to consult doctor and take regular medicines in sickness. Why is it so?
Ans i. When pathogens attack our body, our body immune system tries to fight against these pathogens and that is the reason why we feel good sometimes without taking any medicines.
ii. But sometimes, we need to consult doctor and take regular medicines in sickness because our immune
iii. system is not able to fight against the pathogens and the symptoms of the diseases still persist for more than a week or two.
7. Regular exercise, balanced diet and proper rest are the key to healthy life.
Ans i. Lifestyle includes the daily routine and the type of food that we eat.
ii. Habits like staying late in bed till late morning and going to bed late in night, frequent changes in meal timings, lack of physical exercise, consumption of junk food, etc. have increased, leading to people getting sick frequently.
iii. If one has to lead a healthy life and lower the frequency of becoming sick then, sufficient sleep, right food, yogasanas, pramayam and physical exercise should be a followed.
iv. Hence, regular exercise, balanced diet and proper rest are the key to healthy life.
8. Why should we drink boiled water in rainy season?
Ans i. In rainy seasons, water may be contaminated with many impurities including the soil particles, bacteria, etc.
ii. People drink boiled water especially in rainy seasons because by boiling the water, all the pathogens present in it are destroyed.
iii. This is one of the preventive measures against diseases that spread through contamination of water.
Q.14. Complete the table/ web/ flow chart/diagram/paragraph 3
1.
| Sr. No. | Name of the disease | Pathogen |
| i. | Hepatitis | …………… |
| ii. | …………… | Vibrio cholera |
| iii. | Typhoid | …………… |
| iv. | Tuberculosis | …………… |
| v | …………… | Entamoeba histolytica |
Ans:
| Sr. No. | Name of the disease | Pathogen |
| i. | Hepatitis | Hepatitis virus-A, B,C, D,E |
| ii. | Cholera | Vibrio cholera |
| iii. | Typhoid | Salmonella typhi |
| iv. | Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculae |
| v | Dysentery | Entamoeba histolytica |
2. Answer the following based on the paragraphs 3
Ans : Our body has the ability to fight diseases. The defence-mechanism of our body produces antibodies to fight a disease causing microbe which may enter our body. While doing so, our body remembers to fight any future onslaught (destructive attack) of that microbe. This concept was utilized to make vaccines against various diseases. Vaccination helps in preventing against a particular disease.
1.What happens when the microbes enter our body?
- How does vaccination help?
-
Name any one vaccine?
-
When microbes enter our body, the defence mechanism of our body produces antibodies to fight against that microbe.
-
Vaccination helps in preventing against a particular disease.
-
BCG vaccine for tuberculosis, Polio vaccine for Polio virus, etc.
Q.15. Answer the following 30
1.How can we observe personal hygiene?
Ans i. Personal hygiene means to take care of our body to protect ourselves and others from illness.
ii. To minimize the risk of infection and to enhance overall health, one should follow these basic personal hygienic habits.
iii. By washing their hands when preparing or eating food.
iv. By bathing daily or twice a day. (if you sweat more)
v. By drinking boiled or purified water.
vi. By eating clean and covered food and having a balanced diet.
vii. By going for regular checkup to the doctor.
viii. Along with personal hygiene it is important to keep the surrounding clean and hygienic.
2.What are effects of rats, cockroaches on human health?
Ans i. Rodents like rats, mice spread a number of diseases to humans.
Rat urine is responsible for spread of Leptospirosis, which can result in kidney and liver damage. Rat- bites can result in disease and Rat-bite fever.
While Diseases like plague are carried by rats and transmitted by fleas.
Diseases spread by cockroaches include dysentery, typhoid, etc.
Hence, it is important to keep our surroundings clean and free from rodents and cockroaches.
3. Give preventive measures of Dengue.
Ans i. Dengue is caused by the bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
Breeding of mosquitoes should be prevented.
Don’t allow water to stagnate in surroundings because mosquitoes lay eggs in stagnant water.
Frequently clean the water or reuse it.
Keep the overhead tank covered.
Use mosquito repellant creams and mosquito nets to prevent mosquito bite.
Wear long sleeve clothes and cover your lower limbs to prevent mosquito bites.
Keep your home and surrounding clean and hygienic, so there will be no room for the mosquitoes to breed.
4. What causes Dengue? What are its symptoms?
Ans i. Dengue is spread by Aedes aegypti mosquito.
This disease is caused by DEN-1,2 virus belonging to the type-flavivirus.
Q.16. Answer the following
1. Symptoms of Dengue are :
Acute fever and headache, vomiting.
Pain in eye socket is very prominent symptom.
Decrease in platelet count that may lead to internal hemorrhage.
2. Poor people do not afford the costly medicines. Is there any alternative for this? Which one?
Ans i. Generic medicines are also known as general medicines.
These medicines are manufactured and distributed without any patent.
These medicines are at par in quality with branded medicines.
Production cost of these medicines is very low due to fewer expenses on research as their formula is readily available.
For poor people who cannot afford costly medicines, generic medicines are alternatives for this.
Also, under government scheme, best quality medicines are made available in affordable prices to the citizens.
3. State the reasons and symptoms of Cancer.
Ans i. Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth is called as cancer.
Cancer can occur in various organs like lungs, mouth, tongue, stomach, breast uterus, skin and tissues like blood.
Reasons :
Consumption of tobacco, gutkha, smoking, alcoholism, lack of fiber content (fruits and vegetables) in food, excessive consumption of junk food (pizza, burger, etc.)are some of the many possible reasons.
Heredity may also be a reason.
Symptoms :
Chronic cough, hoarse voice, difficulty in swallowing.
Incurable scar and inflammation.
Lumps in breast.
Unexplained weight-loss.
4. Enlist the names and composition of the medicines present at your home.
Ans Names and composition of some commonly used medicines are as follows :
| Sr.
No. |
||
| Name of medicine | Composition | |
| i. | Soframycin 1% cream (Bacterial infections) | Framycetin Sulphate IP |
| ii. | Pan-D (Indigestion/Heartburn) | Pantoprazole and Domperidone |
| iii. | Rantac 150 (Indigestion/Heartburn) | Ranitidine |
| iv. | Paracetamol Capsules (Pain, fever) | Paracetamol |
| v. | Crocin Advance (Pain, fever) | Paracetamol |
| Saridon Triple Action (Headache, pain, cold, fever) | ||
| vi. | Paracetamol, Propyphenazone, Caffeine | |
| vii. | Cyclopam (Abdominal pain) | Dicyclomine hydrochloride, paracetamol |
| viii. | Disprin (Painkiller) | Aspirin (Acetylsalicyclic acid) |
| ix. | Gelusil (Indigestion/Heartburn) | Alumina, Magnesia, Simethicone |
| x. | Betadine (Antiseptic) | Povidone-iodine |
| xi. | Ibuprofen tablets (Anti-inflammatory) | Ibuprofen |
| xii. | Metrogyl 400 (Antibacterial) | Metronidazole |
| xiii. | Benadryl (Allergy, cold, flu) | Diphenhydramine HCl |
| Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate | ||
| xiv. | Lomotil (Diarrhea) | |
| xv. | Metacin (Fever, pain) | Paracetamol |
| xvi. | Combiflam (Fever, pain) | Ibuprofen and Paracetamol |
| xvii. | Senasof (Constipation) | Glucoside, Senna extract |
2.Give preventive measures of Cancer.
Ans i. Cancer can be prevented by having a controlled diet and by leading a healthy lifestyle.
Cancer can be prevented by avoiding consumption of tobacco, guthka, alcohol and smoking,
Avoiding consumption of junk food like pizza, burger, etc. and including food with high fibre content like fruits and leafy vegetables in the diet helps to prevent certain type of cancer.
Physical exercise and yogasanas should be performed to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
4. Give the preventive measures of following diseases AIDS
Ans:
By ensuring that the blood to be transfused is free from HIV.
By using sterilized needles, blades, etc.
By avoiding sexual contact with unknown person.
5. Write the information on modern diagnostics and treatments of cancer.
Ans i. Various techniques like CT scan, MRI scan, mammography, biopsy are used in diagnosis of cancer.
In case of treatment, along with conventional methods like chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery, modern techniques like robotic and laparoscopic surgery are also followed.
Physical exercise along with modern treatment is more benefici
Q.17. Read the given paragraph and answer questions based on it 10
1.Answer the following based on the key points given below
(Blood transfusion, yellow urine, fever upto 1040F, BCG vaccine, ORS consumption, Contaminated food and water, Chronic cough)
i. Prevention against tuberculosis.
ii. Symptom against Jaundice.
iii. Mode of infection for Cholera.
iv. Treatment for Dysentery.
v. Symptom for Typhoid.
Ans i. BCG vaccine.
ii. yellow urine.
iii. Contaminated food and water.
iv. ORS consumption.
v. Fever upto 1040F.
2. A. Master ‘X’ is a 3 year old child. He is living with his family in a slum. Public toilet is present near his house. His father is drunkard. His mother does not know the importance of balanced diet.
a. Master ‘X’ can suffer from which different possible diseases in above conditions?
b. How will you help him and his family in this situation?
c. Which disease can occur to the father of ‘X’?
Ans i a. Master ‘X’ can suffer from water borne diseases like cholera, dysentery, typhoid and jaundice.
b. He can also suffer from malaria or dengue due to the unhygienic conditions near his house which may be breeding place for mosquitoes.
c. He can also suffer from malnutrition as he may not be getting the correct nutrition that is required for his age.
- a. In such situation, one can help his family by carrying out the following :
- Family should be made aware about the different types of diseases and transmission of the diseases.
- Awareness regarding the importance of hygiene in the house and the surrounding should be created not only to his family members but also amongst the locals.
- His mother should be sensitized about the importance of balance diet.
- And his father should be made aware of side effects of alcohol on him and his family. Also he can be taken to some NGO camps which will help him to overcome this habit.
- a. Father of ‘X’ may suffer from cancer or heart disease due to consumption of alcohol.
